common name: giant sweetpotato bug
scientific name: Spartocera batatas (Fabricius) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coreidae)
A large colony of Spartocera batatas (Fabricius) was found in late June 1995 on an Asian
cultivar of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) in Homestead, Florida, by Lynn D. Howerton,
environmental specialist, Division of Plant Industry (DPI). The plants were badly damaged by
the insects. That collection represented the first report of S. batatas in the continental U.S.
Subsequent surveys of commercial fields of sweet potatoes in the area failed to turn up any more
S. batatas. However, an additional single specimen was found in Miami in early October 1995
by DPI Inspector Ramon A. Dones. Many bugs were found in suburban Miami by Julieta
Brambila (University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences) in late September
1996.
colony
Spartocera batatas was described from Surinam and is also found on several of the Caribbean
islands. It is considered a minor pest of sweet potatoes in Puerto Rico (A. Pantoja, University
of Puerto Rico, personal communication). Records from Cuba indicate apparent range
expansion across the island (Ravelo 1988). It is not known when or how the insect was
introduced into Florida, but its limited distribution suggests that the introduction was recent at
that time.
Spartocera batatas belongs to the tribe Spartocerini (=Corecorini of Baranowski and Slater
(1986) and Blatchley (1926)) (Froeschner 1988). Characteristics of the tribe include absence of
spines and leaf-like dilations on the legs and antennae (including antennal tubercles), short
mouthparts (not extending past the midcoxae) and square head with a deep groove between the
antennal sockets. Within the Spartocerini, the genus Spartocera (=Corecoris) can be recognized
by the irregular anastomosing veins on the membranes of the forewings and by the absence of
lateral toothlike projections on the pronotum (Alayo 1967, Baranowski and Slater 1986).
adult
Adult S. batatas are large insects, 18 to 23 mm in length. They are entirely dark brown. Lateral
(humeral) angles of the pronotum are rounded and without teeth, and the lateral margins of the
pronotum are not expanded. Newborn nymphs are red. They soon lose their bright color and
become very dark brown except for the head, the lateral angles of the pronotum and the
expanded lateral edges of the abdomen, which are marked with bright red-brown spots. Eggs are
shaped like tiny fat sausages, and their color varies from gold to brown with age.
Key is based on Alayo 1967, Baranowski and Slater 1986, Blatchley 1926 and specimens at the
Florida State Collection of Arthropods.
1. Antennae short, joints II and III subequal, IV 1/3 shorter, antennal joint I scarcely longer than
the head, rare in Florida, biology unknown . . . . . S. diffusus
1'. Antennae longer, joints II to IV subequal, antennal joint I obviously longer than the head . . . .
. 2
2. Bright orange or yellow insect, pronotum with a pair of black longitudinal lines, on Solanum
americanum . . . . . S. fuscus
2'. Uniformly dark brown insect, pronotum without markings, on sweet potato and a few other
plants (see host list below) . . . . . S. batatas
The most important host of S. batatas appears to be sweet potato, after which it was named.
Other hosts listed in the literature include Solanaceae [tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum),
eggplant (Solanum melongena var. esculentum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and Solanum nigrum], Lauraceae [avocado (Persea americana)] and Rutaceae (Citrus spp.) (Ravelo 1988, Martorell 1976, Alayo 1967, Barber 1939, Wolcott 1923). Observations in Florida indicate that
S. batatas adults sometimes disperse in high numbers. Thus, transient adults could be collected
on a wide variety of plants. It is not known which of the above host records represent breeding
populations.
The pest potential of S. batatas in Florida is currently unknown. It is unlikely that it will prove to
be a serious pest. Other than the single article from Cuba (Ravelo 1988), there is no recent
literature concerning the economics of S. batatas. In Puerto Rico, S. batatas is abundant, but is not considered to be a major pest, even on sweet potato. Although S. batatas is reported from
citrus, there are no reports of damage.
Spartocera batatas was found in Florida on an Asian cultivar of sweet potato that is grown for
its tender shoot tips rather than for tubers. The damage to those plants was severe, indicating
that some sweet potato varieties may be susceptible to serious injury. However, the fact that
nearby commercial fields of sweet potatoes were not infested suggests that damage may depend
strongly on plant variety. Spartocera batatas was found in home garden situations. It remains to
be seen whether S. batatas will become a pest in commercial fields.
Spartocera batatas is a very large obvious bug with a nasty odor. Thus, whether or not it
becomes a significant pest in commercial settings, it is likely that specimens will be collected
and sent in by home owners and commercial growers.
Based on experience controlling squash bugs on pumpkin and winter squash, adult S. batatas
may be very difficult to control with insecticide. Thus, adequate control may depend on timing
of application so that young nymphs are exposed to the insecticide. Efficacy data on specific
materials are not currently available.
Insect Management Guide for potatoes
Insect Management Guide for tomatoes, peppers and eggplant
- Alayo PD. 1967. Los hemipteros cubanos de la familia Coreidae. Catalogo de la Fauna de
Cuba XXV. Los Hemipteros de Cuba VIII. Trabajos de Divulgación No. 56. Museo "Felipe
Poey" de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. 41 p.
- Barber HG. 1939. Scientific Survey of Puerto Rio and the Virgin Islands. Volume 14, Part 3.
Hemiptera-Heteroptera (excepting the Miridae and Corixidae). New York Academy of Sciences,
New York, NY. 441 p.
- Baranowski RM, Slater JA. 1986. Coreidae of Florida (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Arthropods of
Florida and Neighboring Land Areas. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Services, Gainesville, FL. Volume 122. 82 p.
- Blatchley WS. 1926. Heteroptera or True Bugs of Eastern North America. Nature Publishing
Company, Indianapolis. 1116 p.
- Froeschner RC. 1988. Family Coreidae Leach, 1815. pp. 69-92. In Henry TJ, Froeshner RC. (eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental
United States. E.J. Brill, Leiden, New York, Kobenhavn, Koln.
- Martorell LF. 1976. Annotated Food Plant Catalog of the Insects of Puerto Rico. University of
Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station. 276 p.
- Ravelo HG. 1988. Spartocera batatas (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) en Cuba. Centro
Agricola 15: 87-88.
- Wolcott GN. 1923. "Insectae Portoricensis" A preliminary annotated check-list of the insects
of Porto Rico, with descriptions of some new species. Journal of the Department of Agriculture
of Porto Rico 7: 5-311.
Author: Susan E. Halbert,
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry.
Originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 379.
Photographs: Jeffrey Lotz, DPI, FDACS
Project Coordinator: Thomas R. Fasulo, University of Florida
Publication Number: EENY-305
Publication Date: October 2003
Copyright 2003 University of Florida
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