ENY 5236 - INSECT PEST AND VECTOR MANAGEMENT
3 credit hours
Room 1031, Entomology and Nematology Building
MWF, 3rd period, 9:35-10:25 (3 credits)
Updated February 2010

Instructor:
Dr. John Capinera
Room 1019, Entomology-Nematology Bldg.
Bldg. 970, Natural Area Drive
P.O. Box 110620
Phone: 352-273-3905
FAX: 352-392-0190
Email: capinera@ufl.edu

Office Hours: Anytime in my office, or by appointment

For each section, view the corresponding lecture on the Lecture/Video CD or WWW. I will provide CDs on request. WWW access is available at:

http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/baldwin/webbugs/pest1/
http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/baldwin/webbugs/pest2/

Please note that the division of pest1 and pest2 corresponds only to the amount of material that would fit on the CDs, and has no other significance. Thus, as noted below, the first exam covers sections 1-9, not all the material on CD1.

1.      Introduction

2.      Overview

Part I.   Background to Insect Pest and Vector Management

3.      Pests and humans
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 1 and Supplementary Readings 1, 2, 3)
         Direct pests, and vectors of plant and animal diseases
         Pest status: major, minor, occasional, migrant, potential
         Human practices and the occurrence of pests
         Not all arthropods are pests: some benefits

4.      The causes of pest and vectored disease outbreaks
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 2 and Supplementary Reading 11)
         Population biology
         Factors affecting abundance
         Density dependence and independence
         How people cause outbreaks

5.      Sampling and monitoring arthropods
         (Reading Assignment: Supplementary Reading 5)
         Methods of sampling and monitoring
         Components of a sampling plan
         Types of sampling plans
         Allocation of sampling units

Part II.   Approaches to Insect Pest and Vector Management

6.      Insecticides
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 3 and Supplementary Reading 18)
         Background
         Issues affecting introduction of new products
         Types of insecticides
         Formulation
         The pesticide label
         Toxicity and safety

7.      Application of insecticides
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 4 and Supplementary Readings 7, 14)
         Targets
         Droplet size
         Application equipment
         Rational application

8.      Problems associated with using insecticides
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 5 and Supplementary Readings 8, 10)
         Toxicity to humans and wildlife
         Resistance
         Insecticides and disease transmission

9.      Environmental and cultural control
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 6 and Supplementary Reading 4)
         Mechanical techniques
         Irrigation
         Fertilizer
         Sanitation
         Alternate hosts
         Multiple and intercropping
         Separation in time and space
         Crop geometry

10.    Biological control
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 7 and Supplementary Readings 23, 25, 27)
         Successes of biocontrol
         Types of biocontrol agents
         Predators
         Parasitoids
         Nematodes
         Techniques of biocontrol
         Inoculation
         Inundation
         Conservation
         Reasons for failure of biocontrol

11.    Insect pathogens
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 8 and Supplementary Reading 15)
         Advantages and disadvantages
         Types of pathogens: fungi, viruses, bacteria, microsporidia
         Transmission of pathogens

12.    Genetic control and area-wide management
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 9 and Supplementary Readings 6, 12, 13)
         Sterile insect technique
         Eradication
         Other genetic approaches
         Area-wide management

13.    Pheromones
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 10 and Supplementary Readings 17, 19)
         Pheromones/allelochemicals
         Monitoring
         Attract-and-kill
         Mating disruption/confusion
         Alarm pheromones and oviposition deterrents

14.    Host resistance
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 11 and Supplementary Readings 21, 22)
         Basis for resistance
         Mechanisms of resistance
         Compensation
         Induced resistance
         Problems of using resistance
         Repellents

15.    Physical measures
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 12 [except legislative section] and Supplementary Reading 20)
         Exclusions and barriers
         Traps
         Physical disturbance
         Sound
         Lethal temperature
         Controlled atmosphere
         Dusts and particulates
         Irradiation

16.    Legislation and regulation
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 12 [legislative section] and Supplementary Reading 24)
         Exclusions and routes of entry
         Risk assessment
         Pesticide legislation
         Effects of regulation
         Genetically modified organisms

17.    Emerging concepts and practices
         (Reading Assignment: Text, Chapter 13 and Supplementary Readings 9, 16, 26)
         The integrated control/IPM concept
         Damage thresholds
         Forecasting
         Increasing agroecosystem resistance
         Pesticide selectivity
         Eradication versus control
         What limits IPM adoption
         Decision support
         Managing desert locusts: a case study


Course Description

The principles and practices used in pest management, emphasizing arthropod pests affecting crop and ornamental plants, humans and livestock.

Prerequisite

An introductory course in entomology.

Course Goals and Objectives

The goals of this course are (1) to provide a broad overview the philosophy of pest management, including the ecological and economic basis for attainment of pest status, and (2) to discuss the techniques available to pest managers, including the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Course Format

This course is self-paced and CD-ROM based. Most of the information you need concerning text and requirements are spelled out in the course syllabus. There are two CDs; you can view the syllabus, view and listen to the lectures for units 1-10, and access some videos on CD number 1. CD number 2 contains units 11-17, and some videos. You probably will want to print the notes and readings for easier reading (be careful, however, as there are a lot of pages!). You probably will need speakers or earphones to hear the narration clearly. To start both CDs, click on “index.html”.

Hopefully you will have no trouble viewing the videos if you have a fairly new computer. They are interesting but not critical to the course, so if you have trouble viewing them, you are at no disadvantage. If you just bought your computer and have a very new browser it may not be able to read some text files, and this is a problem; probably the easiest fix for that is to access an older browser.

If you prefer to access the material on WWW you can do so at:

http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/baldwin/webbugs/pest1/
http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/baldwin/webbugs/pest2/

I suggest that you print out the PowerPoint notes and use them to make any additional notes or comments/questions as you listen to the CD. If something is not clear, do not hesitate to email me with questions.

There are 2 exams and a project for this course. I can schedule the exams at any time, but we should plan on having one at about, or before, the mid-point of the semester (covering sections 1-9) and another before the end (sections 10-17). You should indicate to me when you want to take the exam, and I will email the questions to you. You should provide the answers to me within a week. The project is due two weeks before the end of the semester.

Exams are open-book, and will be sent to you by email. You can use any written materials to help you with the exams, but you must work alone; do not consult other people. You can return the exams to me, as well as your project, as an email attachment. Please return the exams within a week. IT IS IMPORTANT that you acknowledge my emails, and I will acknowledge yours; otherwise we will be uncertain of receipt of materials. The only way you can be assured that your tests and project have been submitted successfully is to have my acknowledgment.

As you complete your exams and project, keep in mind that because it is open-book, and you are not time-limited, I expect that spelling and grammar will be correct.

YOU ARE REQUIRED TO RETURN THE CD-ROM AT THE END OF THE COURSE.

Grading for Course

The course grade is based on performance on 2 exams and a project (each representing 1/3 of the final grade). The final grade will be assigned as:

A >93
A- 90 - 92.9
B+ 87 - 89.9
B 83 - 86.9
B- 80 - 82.9
C+ 77 - 79.9
C 73 - 76.9
C- 70 - 72.9
D+ 67 - 69.9
D 63 - 66.9
D- 60 - 62.9
E <60


















Questions are provided in each of the lessons. They are based on the material presented on the CD and text readings, and the supplementary readings. They are designed to help you understand what is important for you to know.

Grade point equivalencies for grades are found here.

You are to select a pest management situation (for example, a crop) that is grown in at least two geographically distant and climatologically different regions (forexample, southeastern and midwestern USA). You are to identify the 5-10 most important arthropod pests associated with that “situation” in each geographic region, and search for the existing management recommendations (both chemical and nonchemical) for each. Link to or copy the recommendations for pest management provided by the state extension service (or the equivalent) and include them as an appendix in your report.

Provide a one-page synopsis of the biology, economic importance, and sampling protocols for each pest. If economic injury levels or treatment thresholds exist, they should be included. Discuss why you selected these particular pests as the most important (provide documentation from the literature as to frequency of infestation or economic impact). Discuss the regional differences in major pests (if there are any), and the differences in pest management recommendations. For each pest, indicate how you would offer optional pest management procedures (both preventative and curative) to someone requesting information on pest management, including specific insecticides. Although pest control recommendations often are mostly lists of registered insecticides, search for efficacy data (Arthropod Management Tests and Journal of Economic Entomology are good sources) that supports the use of your suggested insecticides for each major pest, and append copies of the research that justifies your choices.

This report can be submitted in either electronic or hard copy form, and must be received by the instructor at least 2 weeks before the end of the semester. Late submissions automatically will receive one lower letter grade.

Textbook/Readings

Van Emden, H.F., and M.W. Service. 2004. Pest and Vector Control. Cambridge University Press. 349 pp. (Note: Text is recommended, but not required.)

Other readings as assigned (see supplemental reading list).



List of supplemental readings (Note: Required reading.)

These readings are on your CD. You should print and read them.

1.   History and insects. Pages 1158-1169 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

2.   Decomposer insects. Pages 1810-1826 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

3.   Transmission of plant diseases by insects. Pages 3853-3885 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

4.   Host plant selection by insects. Pages 1163-1173 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

5.   Sampling arthropods. Adapted from pages 3231-3246 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

6.   Area-wide insect pest management. Pages 266-282 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

7.   Insecticide application: the dose transfer process. Pages 1958-1974 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

8.   Management of insect-vectored pathogens of plants. Pages 2277-2280 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

9.   Economic injury level and economic threshold concepts in pest management. Pages 1282-1286 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

10.   Plant viruses and insects. Pages 2938-2945 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

11.   North American vegetable pests; the pattern of invasion. American Entomologist 48: 20-39 (2002).

12.   Medfly (Diptera: Tephritidae) genetic sexing: large-scale field comparison of males-only and bisexual sterile fly releases in Guatemala. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 1547-1553 (2004).

13.   Recapture of sterile Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in California’s preventative release program. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 1554-1562 (2004).

14.   Effect of temperature on efficacy of insecticides to differential grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 1595-1602 (2004).

15.   Plant-incorporated Bacillus thuringiensis resistance for control of fall armyworm and corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 1603-1611 (2004).

16.   Tactics for management of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 1648-1658 (2004).

17.   Comparison of sticky wing and cone pheromone traps for monitoring seasonal abundance of black cutworm adults and larvae on golf courses. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 1666-1670 (2004).

18.   Evaluation of a nonconventional insecticide and appropriate application timing for destruction of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) egg masses. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 1671-1674 (2004).

19.   Monitoring western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) susceptibility to carbaryl and curcurbitacin baits in the areawide management pilot program. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 1726-1733 (2004).

20.   Management of aphid-borne viruses and Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in zucchini squash by using UV reflective plastic and wheat straw mulches. Environmental Entomology 33: 1447-1457 (2004).

21.   Efficacy of permethrin-treated uniforms in combination with DEET topical repellent for protection of French military troops in Ivory Coast. Journal of Medical Entomology 41: 914-921 (2004).

22.   Laboratory evaluation of mosquito repellents against Aedes albopictus, Culex nigripalpus, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 41: 726-730 (2004).

23.   Release, establishment and monitoring of Bemisia tabaci natural enemies in the United States. Pages 58-65 in International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods (2002).

24.   Field effects of BT corn on the impact of parasitoids and pathogens on European corn borer in Illinois. Pages 278-283 in International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods (2002).

25.   Classical biological control of arthropods in the 21st century. Pages 3-16 in International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods (2002).

26.   Augmentation biological control using the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae against the South American leafminer Liriomyza huiobrensis. Pages 136-140 in International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods (2002).

27.   Augmentation in orchards: improving the efficacy of Trichogramma inundation. Pages 130-135 in International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods (2002).

28.   Bioclimatic models in entomology. Pages 478-481 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

29.   Push-pull strategy for insect management. Pages 3074-3082 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).

30.   School IPM, or pest management on school grounds. Pages 3289-3299 in Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008).


Academic Honesty, Software Use, Services for Students with Disabilities, UF Counseling Services

We, the members of the University of Florida community, pledge to hold ourselves and our peers to the highest standard of honesty and integrity.

Academic Honesty: The University requires all members of its community to be honest in all endeavors. Cheating, plagiarism, and other acts diminish the process of learning. When students enroll at UF they commit themselves to honesty and integrity. Your instructor fully expects you to adhere to the academic honesty guidelines you signed when you were admitted to UF.

Plagiarism: Plagiarism is the use of ideas or writings produced by someone else. You should not use the writings of another person, including material from the internet (WWW), without putting the ideas in your own words, or placing the copied material in quotes and attributing authorship. In the scientific literature, quotations are rarely used. You should use your own words for answering questions on exams, and in your class project. The UF Science and Engineering policy about plagiarism is located here. Please read it. Plagiarism will not be tolerated in this course.

As a result of completing the registration form at the University of Florida, every student has signed the following statement:  "I understand the University of Florida expects its students to be honest in all their academic work. I agree to adhere to this commitment to academic honesty and understand that my failure to comply with this commitment may result in disciplinary action up to and including expulsion from the University."

Furthermore, on work submitted for credit by UF students, the following pledge is either required or implied:  "On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid in doing this assignment."

It is to be assumed that all work will be completed independently unless the assignment is defined as a group project, in writing, by the professor. This policy will be vigorously upheld at all times in this course.

All faculty, staff, and students of the University are required and expected to obey the laws and legal agreements governing software use. Failure to do so can lead to monetary damages and/or criminal penalties for the individual violator. Because such violations are also against University policies and rules, disciplinary action will be taken as appropriate.

Accommodations for Students with Disabilities: Students requesting classroom accommodation must first register with the Dean of Students Office. The Dean of Students will provide documentation to the student who must then provide this documentation to the Instructor when requesting accommodation. Please provide this documentation to the instructor during the first two weeks of class.

University Counseling Services: Students experiencing crisis or personal problems that interfere with their general well-being are encouraged to utilize the university’s counseling resources. Both the Counseling Center and Student Mental Health provide confidential counseling services at no cost for currently enrolled students. Resources are available on campus for students having personal or lacking clear career and academic goals, which interfere with their academic performance. The Counseling Center is located at 301 Peabody Hall (next to Criser Hall). Student Mental Health is located on the second floor of the Student Health Services in the Infirmary.

1. University Counseling Center, 301 Peabody Hall, 392-1575, personal and career counseling;
2. Student Mental Health, Student Health Care Center, 392-1171, personal counseling;
3. Sexual Assault Recovery Services (SARS), Student Health Care Center, 392-1161, sexual counseling; and
4. Career Resource Center, Reitz Union, 392-1601, career development assistance and counseling.

University Deans Office: For students with serious academic problems, such as late withdrawal, failure due to lack of attendance, medical withdrawal, etc.:

1. Dean for College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS), 2001 McCarty Hall, 392-1963;
2. University Dean of Students Office (www.dso.ufl.edu), 202 Peabody Hall, 392-1261




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